Evaluation of tumor microenvironmental immune regulation and prognostic in lung adenocarcinoma from the perspective of purinergic receptor P2Y13

Tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TICs) can serve as an important indicator to evaluate the prognosis and therapeutic response in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). The identification of mutated genes that can affect the abundance of TICs and prognosis has practical implications. In the presented study, tumor microenvironment (TME) scoring was performed by the ESTIMATE scoring system on 598 RNA transcripts selected from the TCGA database to determine the proportions of immune cells and stromal cells. The infiltration difference of TICs in LUAD samples was obtained by CIBERSORT. The ‘immuneeconv’ R software package, which integrates six latest algorithms, including TIMER, xCell, MCP-counter, CIBERSORT, EPIC and quanTIseq were used to verify the correlation between purinergic receptor P2Y13 (<i>P2RY13</i>) and immune cells. Based on RNA sequencing analysis of the Lewis lung cancer-bearing model in C57BL/6 mice and immunohistochemistry (IHC) of human LUAD tissues, the expression of <i>P2RY13</i> and associated pathways were verified. It was shown that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) obtained by interactive analysis based on Immunescore and Stromalscore were significantly enriched in immune-related pathways. The expression of <i>P2RY13</i> was significantly associated with prognosis and clinicopathological characteristics of LUAD patients. More importantly, this gene played an important role in maintaining the immune dominant environment and changing the regulation of TICs. <i>P2RY13</i> expression was positively correlated with the infiltration of dendritic cells (DCs) in various of tumor tissues as validated by the PanglaoDB scRNA-seq database. Therefore, <i>P2RY13</i> is expected to be a potential biomarker for predicting TME and the prognosis of LUAD after verification.