Data of Greenhouse Gases by CONTRAIL Project

The first phase of the JAL project from 1993 to 2005 was carried out using an automated flask sampling system to obtain a long-term record of CO2 and other trace gases in upper troposphere. The CO2 record over the western Pacific has provided valuable information on the latitudinal distribution of the atmospheric CO2 seasonal cycle and on the inter-annual variation of long-term increasing trends in the upper troposphere of both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres (Matsueda et al., 2002).
For the second phase of the JAL project (Comprehensive Observation Network for TRace gases by AIrLiner: CONTRAIL), an improved Automatic air Sampling Equipment (ASE) for flask sampling and a new Continuous CO2 Measuring Equipment (CME) for in-situ CO2 measurements were installed on Boeing 747-400 (retired), Boeing 777-200ER and Boeing 777-300ER aircraft. In all, one or both of these instruments have been installed on several Boeing aircraft operated by JAL with regular flights from Japan to Australia, Europe, East, South and Southeast Asia, Hawaii, and North America, providing significant spatial coverage, particularly in the Northern Hemisphere (Machida et al., 2008; Sawa et al., 2012; Matsueda et al., 2015).

JAL项目第一阶段，自1993年至2005年实施，采用自动化烧瓶采样系统，以获取平流层中CO2及其他微量气体的长期记录。该记录覆盖了西太平洋地区的CO2含量，为大气CO2季节性循环的纬度分布以及北半球和南半球平流层长期增长趋势的年际变化提供了宝贵信息（Matsueda等，2002年）。JAL项目第二阶段（综合航空线微量气体观测网络：CONTRAIL），在波音747-400（已退役）、波音777-200ER和波音777-300ER飞机上安装了改进的自动空气采样设备（ASE）用于烧瓶采样以及新的连续CO2测量设备（CME）用于现场CO2测量。总计，这些仪器之一或两者已安装于多架由JAL运营的波音飞机上，这些飞机从日本定期飞往澳大利亚、欧洲、东亚、东南亚、夏威夷和北美，提供了显著的空间覆盖范围，尤其是在北半球（Machida等，2008年；Sawa等，2012年；Matsueda等，2015年）。