Digital image analysis aded adultaration detection date set for cumin power with wood power

Adulteration Detection of Coriander Powder with Rice Husk
About Coriander Powder
Contains dietary fiber, vitamins (C, K, B-complex), and minerals (calcium, iron, magnesium).

Sample preparation
Full-grown coriander powder (Coriandrum sativum L.) of local high-yield variety were collected from [rathbarip Malda, west bengal, india 25. 0046°N,88.1358°E]. Time for conducting 9.00 am to 5.00 pm. The final moisture content of the dried seeds was 4–5% (dry weight basis), and The total ash content of coriander powder typically ranges from 5% to 8%, depending on the source and processing methods
The dried seeds were ground using a mixer grinder (500 W, grinding jar capacity 0.5 L, hybrid motor) for 9 min (3 min per cycle, total 3 cycles, 18,000 rpm). The resulting powder was passed through a 60-mesh sieve, and the undersized fraction was considered pure coriander powder.
Rice husk was collected from a local rice mill, cleaned to remove dust and impurities, and oven-dried at 50 °C for 4 h to ensure complete dryness. The dried husk was ground using a hammer mill and passed through a 60-mesh sieve. The undersized fraction was considered as the adulterant.
Coriander powder was mixed thoroughly with rice husk at different proportions (0%,10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%, 100% by weight) to prepare a homogeneous mixture of adulterated samples.
Image Acquisition

Sample name: from Coriander powder adulteration with rice husk → Cumin powder adulteration with wood powder

Mobile details: from Vivo Y16 → Poco X3 Pro, Version 12

Adulteration Issue

Detection Methodology
Dataset creation: Images of pure and adulterated cumin powder with varying wood powder percentages, labelled by experts.

Image Preprocessing: Techniques like grayscale, RGB, HSV, median smoothing, adaptive thresholding, and edge detection to enhance visual differences.

Feature Extraction: Identify texture, color, and surface pattern differences between pure and adulterated samples.

Cumin powder was mixed thoroughly with wood powder at different proportions (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, and 100% by weight) to prepare a homogeneous mixture of adulterated samples.

Image Acquisition
In total, 7 sets of samples were prepared: 100% pure cumin powder, 100% wood powder, and 10 sets of adulterated samples containing 5–50% wood powder by weight. A total of 20 equal-sized cells were drawn on a white A4 paper sheet (210 mm × 297 mm, 80 gsm). The samples were spread over the paper in a thin layer. Thus, 20 equal-sized cells were loaded with similar samples (Fig. 1). In total, 7 × 20 = 140 images were captured.

Each of the cells was photographed separately using a Poco X3 Pro smartphone (Version 12, Octa-core processor, 48 MP f/1.8 (wide), 8 MP f/2.2 (ultrawide), 2 MP f/2.4 (macro), 20 MP f/2.2 (front)) . The perpendicular distance between the sample surface and the camera lens was maintained at 15 cm.