Data from: Population genetic structure and approximate Bayesian computation analyses reveal the southern origin and northward dispersal of the oriental fruit moth Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in its native range

The oriental fruit moth (OFM) Grapholita molesta is one of the most
destructive orchard pests. Assumed to be native to China, the moth is now
distributed throughout the world. However, the evolutionary history of
this moth in its native range remains unknown. In this study, we explored
the population genetic structure, dispersal routes and demographic history
of the OFM in China and South Korea based on mitochondrial genes and
microsatellite loci. The Mantel test indicated a significant correlation
between genetic distance and geographical distance in the populations.
Bayesian analysis of population genetic structure (baps) identified four
nested clusters, while the geneland analysis inferred five genetic groups
with spatial discontinuities. Based on the approximate Bayesian
computation approach, we found that the OFM was originated from southern
China near the Shilin area of Yunnan Province. The early divergence and
dispersal of this moth was dated to the Penultimate glaciation of
Pleistocene. Further dispersal from southern to northern region of China
occurred before the last glacial maximum, while the expansion of
population size in the derived populations in northern region of China
occurred after the last glacial maximum. Our results indicated that the
current distribution and structure of the OFM were complicatedly
influenced by climatic and geological events and human activities of
cultivation and wide dissemination of peach in ancient China. We provide
an example on revealing the origin and dispersal history of an
agricultural pest insect in its native range as well as the underlying
factors.