Imaging Autotaxin In Vivo with 18F‑Labeled Positron Emission Tomography Ligands

Autotaxin (ATX) is a secreted phosphodiesterase that has been implicated in a remarkably wide array of pathologies, especially in fibrosis and cancer. While ATX inhibitors have entered the clinical arena, a validated probe for positron emission tomography (PET) is currently lacking. With the aim to develop a suitable ATX-targeted PET radioligand, we have synthesized a focused library of fluorinated imidazo­[1,2-a]­pyridine derivatives, determined their inhibition constants, and confirmed their binding mode by crystallographic analysis. Based on their promising in vitro properties, compounds 9c, 9f, 9h, and 9j were radiofluorinated. Also, a deuterated analog of [18F]9j, designated as [18F]­ATX-1905 ([18F]20), was designed and proved to be highly stable against in vivo radiodefluorination compared with [18F]9c, [18F]9f, [18F]9h, and [18F]9j. These results along with in vitro and in vivo studies toward ATX in a mouse model of LPS-induced liver injury suggest that [18F]­ATX-1905 is a suitable PET probe for the non-invasive quantification of ATX.