Model outcomes: main analysis assuming the treatment failure rate to be identical in all strategies.

Please see Table 2 for a detailed description of all monitoring strategies. All costs are given in US$ and cost-effectiveness ratios in US$ per DALY averted. POC-VL, point-of-care viral load; lab-VL, laboratory-based viral load; ART, antiretroviral therapy; DALY, disability-adjusted life-year; CER, cost-effectiveness ratio; ICER, incremental cost-effectiveness ratio; l/e, least expensive and least effective strategy; w/d, weakly dominated; s/d, strongly dominated. Model outcomes: main analysis assuming the treatment failure rate to be identical in all strategies.