Knowledge of Tuberculosis Preventive Treatment among People Living with HIV: A cross-sectional survey in selected regions of Tanzania

Background: Tuberculosis remains a significant global health concern, especially for People Living with HIV (PLHIV), who are at an increased risk of severe TB disease. Despite the availability of TB Preventive Treatment (TPT), knowledge gaps persist among PLHIV regarding its importance, accessibility, and administration. The study aimed to assess TPT knowledge levels and determinants among PLHIV in Tanzania.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from April to May 2023 in 12 regions of mainland Tanzania. The study included PLHIV aged 18 years and above, receiving HIV care in selected Care and Treatment Centers (CTCs). Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire covering sociodemographic characteristics and TPT knowledge. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression analyses were employed for data analysis.Results: Out of the 391 PLHIV interviewed, 71.4% demonstrated adequate TPT knowledge. Female participants, those attending urban health facilities, and individuals with longer durations of HIV care exhibited higher TPT knowledge levels. However, knowledge disparities persisted based on demographic characteristics such as gender and location of health facilities.Conclusion: While a considerable portion of PLHIV demonstrated adequate TPT knowledge, addressing gaps among those with lower understanding is crucial. Targeted education campaigns tailored to the needs of PLHIV, especially in rural areas and among male populations, are essential. Collaborative efforts between national health programs and community organizations are vital to integrate TPT awareness effectively into comprehensive HIV care programs, ultimately reducing the burden of TB among PLHIV and the general population.