Supplementary Material for: Intensive vs. Less Intensive Blood Pressure Control in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Clinical Trials

Background: Optimal blood pressure (BP) targets in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 3 or higher remain controversial, with uncertainty about whether intensive BP control improves outcomes compared to standard control. Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis included 11 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with 8,740 participants, comparing intensive versus standard BP targets in CKD stage 3+ patients. Meta-analysis using a random-effects model showed no significant reduction in all-cause mortality with intensive control (RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.73–1.13). Similarly, there were no significant differences in other outcomes. Key Messages: Intensive BP control did not improve overall mortality or renal outcomes in CKD patients. Further large, long-term studies are warranted.