Dataset and R Scripts for: Sex Differences in Global Burden of Congenital Heart Anomalies in Children Under Five from 1990 to 2021 Differences in Global Burden of Congenital Heart Anomalies in Children Under Five from 1990 to 2021

This dataset contains the minimal and raw data necessary to replicate the findings of the study "Sex Differences in Global Burden of Congenital Heart Anomalies in Children Under Five from 1990 to 2021".Abstract: Background:Congenital heart anomalies (CHA) significantly contribute to childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide. Understanding sex-specific differences and their association with societal development levels is crucial for formulating effective health strategies. Methods:We performed a comprehensive analysis using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, covering CHA incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) among children under five years old, spanning global, regional, and national levels from 1990 to 2021. Socioeconomic status was evaluated using the Sociodemographic Index (SDI), and trends were assessed with estimated annual percentage change (EAPC). Result: From 1990 to 2021, global CHA burden declined, with males consistently exhibiting higher DALYs and mortality rates compared to females, despite negligible differences in incidence rates. The highest CHA burdens were observed in Sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, and South Asia, while the lowest were recorded in high-SDI regions such as North America and Europe. Improvements in SDI were significantly associated with reductions in CHA burden. However, health disparities persisted in low-SDI regions, suggesting potential inequities in healthcare access. Conclusion:Despite overall reductions in CHA burden, significant regional and sex disparities persist, especially in resource-limited areas. Policy interventions focusing on gender-sensitive resource allocation, enhanced neonatal screening, and improved surgical access are critical to mitigating these disparities and advancing global pediatric health equity.