Maize-ruzigrass intercropping, nitrogen fertilization and plant density improve the performance of soybean grown in succession

ABSTRACT Second-crop maize-ruzigrass (Urochloa ruziziensis) intercropping, nitrogen (N) fertilization, and high maize plant densities enhance biomass production and N cycling, which may favor soybean growth and yield in the following season. This study aimed to assess the effects of second-crop maize-ruzigrass intercropping, N top dressing, and maize plant density on straw production in autumn/winter, N cycling, and agronomic performance of soybean crops grown in succession. Field experiments were installed in the 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 seasons using a randomized complete block design with split-split plots and four replications. The following factors were investigated: cropping system (sole maize and maize intercropped with ruzigrass), N top dressing (0 and 80 kg ha-1), and maize plant density (40, 60, 80, and 100 thousand plants ha-1). Maize-ruzigrass intercropping improved straw yield (2,365 kg ha-1) and N cycling (50 kg ha-1), and increased soybean yield in the following season (232 kg ha-1). N fertilization of maize increased soybean grain yield by 180 kg ha-1. Maize plant density did not influence the performance of succeeding soybean crops, regardless of the growing season.