Frequencies for self-reported diagnoses of ADHD, eating disorders, bipolar disorder and other (unspecified) psychiatric disorders in fathers with epilepsy with and without use of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) compared to a reference group without epilepsy. Unadjusted p-values and odds ratio (OR) are given for these comparisons. Fathers with non-neurological chronic disorders (NNCD) served as an additional internal control group.

Significant difference between the NNCD versus ‘Epilepsy all’ groups: #p < 0.05; ##p < 0.01. ¤ No significant difference between the NNCD versus ‘Epilepsy all’ groups. CI, confidence interval; NA, not applicable.