Patterns of trait distinctiveness and their implications for diversity and ecosystem function

Biodiversity plays a critical role in the functioning of ecosystems and the benefits humanity derives from nature. However, human activities are altering species populations and ecological communities. Understanding the consequences of these changes for ecosystems requires a nuanced understanding of the contributions made by different species to ecosystem processes and how these contributions vary geographically and across spatial scales. This thesis employs a trait-based approach to infer these contributions by measuring and evaluating patterns of trait distinctiveness. These patterns reveal the importance of conserving species with rare trait combinations for maintaining functional diversity and ecosystem function.