Genomic alterations in Burkholderia vietnamiensis strain G4 exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of ethylzingerone identified by whole-genome sequencing analysis.

The propensity of Burkholderia bacteria to develop adaptive resistance to the proprietary preservative ethylzingerone [4-(3-ethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl) butan-2-one)] was evaluated using Burkholderia vietnamiensis strain G4. The model organism was progressively sub-cultured in increasing concentrations of ethylzingerone starting at up to eight-fold lower than the minimum inhibitory concentration (>0.03125% w/v active). Genomic alterations in three ethylzingerone-adapted derivatives of B.vietnamiensis strain G4 were identified using whole-genome sequencing and analysis with a rapid haploid variant calling and core genome alignment tool (SNIPPY).