A case-control study on risk factors of gastric cancer in northeast Sichuan province

Objective To investigate the risk factors for gastric cancer and the relationship between gastric cancer location and risk factors in northeast Sichuan province.Methods From June 2023 to June 2024, 120 patients with newly diagnosed gastric cancer confirmed pathologically were selected as the observation group from the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College in northeast Sichuan. A case-control study according to the ratio of 1∶1 was conducted by selecting 120 healthy individuals from the area, matched by age and sex.Standard questionnaires were used in collecting epidemiological factors. The data was analyzed with the single factor and multiple factor unconditional logistic regression analysis. The relationship between gastric cancer location and risk factors was analyzed using chi-square test between groups.Results 120 gastric cancer patients and 120 healthy controls were included in the study. Multivariate analysis results showed that high-fat diet (OR=6.75, 95%CI: 2.81-16.22), preference for hot food (OR=5.01, 95%CI: 1.91-13.12), fast eating (OR=3.19, 95%CI: 1.31-7.81), preference for pickled vegetables (OR=5.56, 95%CI: 2.22-13.92), and the long history of drinking (OR=2.72, 95%CI: 1.16-6.35) were risk factors of stomach carcinoma. Frequent vegetable intake (OR=0.29, 95%CI: 0.12-0.69) and soy food intake (OR=0.12, 95%CI: 0.04-0.31) were protective factors. Gastric cancer mainly occurred in the cardia and near-cardia regions (55.8%), and a high-fat diet may increase the risk of no-antrum gastric carcinoma.Conclusions High-fat diet, preference for hot food, fast eating, preference for pickled vegetables, and the long history of drinking are associated with the occurrence of gastric cancer in northeast Sichuan. Regular consumption of fruits and soy food can reduce the risk of gastric cancer.A high-fat diet may increase the risk of no-antrum gastric cancer.