Comparative transcriptomic profiling of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), hESC-derived MSCs, and human amniotic MSCs (hAMSCs)

To investigate the molecular identity and functional superiority of human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hESC-MSCs), we performed comparative bulk RNA-sequencing analysis. The study includes three distinct cellular groups: undifferentiated H9 human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), differentiated hESC-MSCs, and human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) as a somatic standard control.