Closed Loop Geothermal Working Group: GeoCLUSTER App, Subsurface Simulation Results, and Publications

To better understand the heat production, electricity generation performance, and economic viability of closed-loop geothermal systems in hot-dry rock, the Closed-Loop Geothermal Working Group -- a consortium of several national labs and academic institutions has tabulated time-dependent numerical solutions and levelized cost results of two popular closed-loop heat exchanger designs (u-tube and co-axial). The heat exchanger designs were evaluated for two working fluids (water and supercritical CO2) while varying seven continuous independent parameters of interest (mass flow rate, vertical depth, horizontal extent, borehole diameter, formation gradient, formation conductivity, and injection temperature). The corresponding numerical solutions (approximately 1.2 million per heat exchanger design) are stored as multi-dimensional HDF5 datasets and can be queried at off-grid points using multi-dimensional linear interpolation. A Python script was developed to query this database and estimate time-dependent electricity generation using an organic Rankine cycle (for water) or direct turbine expansion cycle (for CO2) and perform a cost assessment. This document aims to give an overview of the HDF5 database file and highlights how to read, visualize, and query quantities of interest (e.g., levelized cost of electricity, levelized cost of heat) using the accompanying Python scripts. Details regarding the capital, operation, and maintenance and levelized cost calculation using the techno-economic analysis script are provided.

This data submission will contain results from the Closed Loop Geothermal Working Group study that are within the public domain, including publications, simulation results, databases, and computer codes.

GeoCLUSTER is a Python-based web application created using Dash, an open-source framework built on top of Flask that streamlines the building of data dashboards. GeoCLUSTER provides users with a collection of interactive methods for streamlining the exploration and visualization of an HDF5 dataset. The GeoCluster app and database are contained in the compressed file geocluster_vx.zip, where the "x" refers to the version number. For example, geocluster_v1.zip is Version 1 of the app. This zip file also contains installation instructions.

**To use the GeoCLUSTER app in the cloud, click the link to "GeoCLUSTER on AWS" in the Resources section below. To use the GeoCLUSTER app locally, download the geocluster_vx.zip to your computer and uncompress this file. When uncompressed this file comprises two directories and the geocluster_installation.pdf file. The geo-data app contains the HDF5 database in condensed format, and the GeoCLUSTER directory contains the GeoCLUSTER app in the subdirectory dash_app, as app.py. The geocluster_installation.pdf file provides instructions on installing Python, the needed Python modules, and then executing the app.

为深入理解热能产生、电力生成性能以及封闭式干热岩地热系统的经济可行性，封闭式地热工作组——由多个国家实验室和学术机构组成的联盟——编制了两种流行的封闭式热交换器设计（U型管和同轴管）的时间依赖性数值解和平均成本结果。针对两种工作流体（水和超临界二氧化碳），评估了七个感兴趣的连续独立参数（质量流量率、垂直深度、水平范围、钻孔直径、地层梯度、地层导热率和注入温度）。相应的数值解（每个热交换器设计约1.2百万个）存储为多维HDF5数据集，并可通过多维线性插值在离网点进行查询。开发了一个Python脚本，用于查询此数据库，并使用有机朗肯循环（适用于水）或直接涡轮膨胀循环（适用于二氧化碳）估算时间依赖性的电力生成，并执行成本评估。本文档旨在概述HDF5数据库文件，并突出如何使用随附的Python脚本读取、可视化和查询感兴趣的量（例如，电力的平均成本、热能的平均成本）。有关使用技术经济分析脚本进行资本、运营和维护以及平均成本计算的详细信息提供如下。本数据提交将包含封闭式地热工作组研究的结果，包括出版物、模拟结果、数据库和计算机代码。GeoCLUSTER是一个基于Python的Web应用程序，使用Dash构建，Dash是一个基于Flask的开源框架，可简化数据仪表板的构建。GeoCLUSTER为用户提供了一系列交互式方法，以简化对HDF5数据集的探索和可视化。GeoCluster应用程序和数据库包含在压缩文件geocluster_vx.zip中，其中“x”代表版本号。例如，geocluster_v1.zip是应用程序的第1版。此zip文件还包含安装说明。要在云中使用GeoCLUSTER应用程序，请点击“GeoCLUSTER on AWS”下面的链接。要在本地使用GeoCLUSTER应用程序，请将geocluster_vx.zip下载到您的计算机上并解压缩。解压缩后，该文件包含两个目录和geocluster_installation.pdf文件。geo-data应用程序包含压缩格式的HDF5数据库，GeoCLUSTER目录包含在子目录dash_app中的GeoCLUSTER应用程序，app.py。geocluster_installation.pdf文件提供了安装Python、所需Python模块以及执行应用程序的说明。