CRONOS3 W2

CRONOS3 is the first attempt to establish a large-scale, cross-national, probability-based, mixed-mode panel following an input-harmonised approach. Panel recruitment, setup, maintenance, and data processing are guided by the same methodological principles in all participating countries.

The panel builds on the success of the pioneering CRONOS and CRONOS2 panels and is fielded in 11 countries: Austria, Belgium, Czechia, Finland, France, Hungary, Iceland, Poland, Portugal, Slovenia, and the United Kingdom. Unlike the previous CRONOS2 panel, CRONOS3 also includes the offline population, providing panellists without internet access or those who never use the internet with a paper self-completion questionnaire. All survey operations are centralised (except for paper questionnaire and postal letter distributions), in accordance with an input-harmonised approach.

CRONOS3 aims to provide the academic, research, and user community with additional substantive, high-quality, comparative data to complement ESS measures. In particular, CRONOS3 measures content across the five NextGenEU themes: make it Green, make it Digital, make it Healthy, make it Strong, and make it Equal.

CRONOS3 comprises 5 waves, with each wave including 90 items fielded across all participating countries. Participants are recruited from ESS10 and ESS11 to ensure panel members come from random probability samples. Panellists recruited from ESS10 have previously participated in CRONOS2. Since Poland did not participate in CRONOS2, the Polish sample consists exclusively of panellists recruited from ESS11.

CRONOS3是首个采用输入标准化方法（input-harmonised approach）构建的大型跨国、基于概率抽样的混合模式追踪调查面板。所有参与国的面板招募、搭建、维护及数据处理均遵循统一的方法论原则。

该面板依托开创性的CRONOS及CRONOS2面板项目的成功经验，目前已在11个国家落地实施：奥地利、比利时、捷克、芬兰、法国、匈牙利、冰岛、波兰、葡萄牙、斯洛文尼亚及英国。与此前的CRONOS2面板不同，CRONOS3还覆盖了线下群体，为无互联网接入或从未使用互联网的受访对象提供纸质自填式问卷。所有调查运营环节均采用集中化管理（仅纸质问卷及邮政信函分发环节除外），严格遵循输入标准化方法。

CRONOS3旨在为学术、科研及用户群体提供额外的实质性、高质量的比较数据，以补充欧洲社会调查（European Social Survey，ESS）的相关测量维度。具体而言，CRONOS3的测量内容覆盖下一代欧盟（NextGenerationEU）的五大主题：绿色转型、数字赋能、健康保障、经济强劲与社会公平。

CRONOS3共包含5个调查波次，每个波次在所有参与国均设置90个测量条目。受访对象从ESS10与ESS11中招募，以确保面板成员均来自随机概率抽样样本。从ESS10招募的面板成员此前均参与过CRONOS2项目。由于波兰未参与CRONOS2项目，其样本仅包含从ESS11招募的面板成员。