Proteomic profiling of frozen and lyophilized bovine milk-derived extracellular vesicles using LC-MS/MS

This project aimed to compare the proteomic landscapes of bovine milk-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) preserved under two storage conditions—lyophilization and conventional freezing at −80 °C. By evaluating how different preservation strategies influence EV protein composition, the study sought to determine whether lyophilization can serve as a practical and reliable alternative to low-temperature storage for maintaining EV integrity and functionality.