Photovoltaic Systems: Reference Data on Rooftop and Ground-Mounted Installations

This dataset provides pixel-wise annotations of photovoltaic (PV) systems at a spatial resolution of 0.2 m, distinguishing between rooftop PV (RTPV) and ground-mounted PV (GMPV). Two types of labels are included: (1) automatic annotations, available only for the state of Hesse, derived from geospatial sources; and (2) manually curated annotations for selected areas in Hesse and North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW), produced using high-resolution orthoimagery from Hesse and openNRW. The label data are provided without imagery, enabling integration with arbitrary remote sensing sources for applications such as PV detection and segmentation.

The automatic annotations were generated using geospatial sources including OpenStreetMap (OSM), the Official Topographic-Cartographic Information System (ATKIS), and data from the Leibniz Institute of Ecological Urban and Regional Development (IOER) in Dresden. After merging these sources, GMPV installations were supplemented with data from Manske, D. (2025), “Geo-locations and System Data of Renewable Energy Installations in Germany,” Zenodo. doi:10.5281/zenodo.14627853.