Dataset from a controlled warming water study of riverine periphytic and sediment microbial biomes

Climate change is intensifying both the frequency and magnitude of river temperature peaks during the warm season, potentially impacting biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Here, we present a comprehensive dataset from two controlled warming experiments using sediment and periphyton collected from two stations along the Rhône River (France) during summer (July and September). Riverine biomes were exposed to four temperature treatment (20, 25, 30, and 35?°C) over three weeks, during which functional and biological parameters were monitored weekly. The dataset includes physicochemical characteristics of the water, measurements of potential microbial activities (photosynthesis, aerobic respiration, denitrification, and methanogenesis), and 16S rRNA gene sequencing data describing bacterial communities in sediment and periphyton. These data offer valuable insights into microbial responses to thermal stress and are intended to support further analyses and comparisons with similar experimental or in situ warming studies in freshwater ecosystems.