Table_1_The Effect of Lexical Cohort Size Is Independent of Semantic Context Effects in a Picture–Word Interference Task: A Combined ERP and sLORETA Study.docx

Lexical cohort size is known to play an important role in the magnitude of semantic interference during picture naming in continuous and blocking naming tasks. Nevertheless, whether and how lexical cohort size influences semantic context effects in a picture–word interference (PWI) task remains unclear. To address this issue, participants were required to name pictures, which were paired with both semantically related and unrelated distractors, from both large and small lexical cohorts while electroencephalogram (EEG) signals were recorded. Behavior results showed a semantic interference effect but no interaction between semantic relatedness and lexical cohort size in naming latencies. ERPs and correlation analyses revealed that semantic interference effects occurred at the lexical level in the time windows of 200–400 and 400–600 ms, and lexical cohort size effects occurred at the conceptual level in the time window of 100–200 ms and at the lexical level in the time windows of 200–400 ms. Critically, no interaction between two variables was found, reflecting that lexical cohort size is independent of semantic interference for categorical relations in the PWI. sLORETA results found stronger brain activations for large lexical cohorts at the left superior temporal gyrus and inferior frontal gyrus in the time interval of 250–300 ms, which may relate to lexical selection and self-monitoring. Our findings provide evidence for the swinging lexical network rather than the response exclusion hypothesis in spoken production.

词汇群体规模在连续命名和阻断命名任务中语义干扰程度的衡量上扮演着至关重要的角色。然而，关于词汇群体规模是否以及如何影响图片-词干扰（PWI）任务中的语义情境效应，尚无定论。为解决这一问题，研究参与者被要求在同时记录脑电图（EEG）信号的情况下，命名与语义相关及无关的干扰项配对的图片，这些图片分别来自大、小词汇群体。行为结果显示存在语义干扰效应，但在命名潜伏期中，语义相关性与词汇群体规模之间并无交互作用。事件相关电位（ERPs）和相关性分析揭示，语义干扰效应发生在200至400毫秒和400至600毫秒的时间窗口内，而词汇群体规模效应则发生在100至200毫秒的时间窗口内，并在200至400毫秒的时间窗口内影响词汇水平。关键的是，未发现两个变量之间的交互作用，这表明在PWI的类别关系中，词汇群体规模与语义干扰相互独立。sLORETA分析发现，在大词汇群体中，左侧颞上回和额下回在250至300毫秒的时间间隔内脑激活更强，这可能与词汇选择和自我监控有关。我们的研究结果为言语产生的摇摆词汇网络理论提供了证据，而非响应排除假说。