MODERN TRENDS AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES IN BIOPHARMACEUTICS: FROM CONVENTIONAL DOSAGE FORMS TO NEXT-GENERATION DRUG DELIVERY

Biopharmaceutics has traditionally focused on understanding the relationship between the physicochemical properties of drug substances, pharmaceutical dosage forms, drug release, absorption, bioavailability, and therapeutic response. However, rapid advances in pharmaceutical sciences have significantly expanded the scope of the discipline. Modern biopharmaceutics increasingly incorporates nanotechnology, advanced drug-delivery systems, physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling, artificial intelligence, three-dimensional biological models, personalized medicine, and innovative therapeutic modalities. These technologies are creating new opportunities to improve drug solubility, permeability, stability, bioavailability, tissue targeting, and therapeutic efficacy. Nanoparticles, liposomes, lipid nanoparticles, polymeric carriers, micelles, and stimuli-responsive delivery systems are being investigated to overcome major limitations associated with conventional dosage forms. At the same time, computational modeling and artificial intelligence are increasingly being used to predict drug absorption, formulation performance, and pharmacokinetic behavior. Emerging biological medicines, including RNA therapeutics, peptides, proteins, antibodies, and gene-based therapies, have further increased the importance of biopharmaceutics in modern drug development. This review discusses major emerging trends in biopharmaceutics and highlights their importance for pharmaceutical education, drug development, formulation science, and personalized medicine.