New identification of novel proteins associated with xenophagy in HeLa cell

Almost all intracellular bacteria invade host cells through endocytic membrane trafficking. Bacteria that invade through endocytosis are rapidly transported to degradative organelles, therefore bacterial pathogens have evolved strategies to modulate intracellular bactericidal pathways during infection for survival and proliferation. On the other hand, the host cell also has a defensive system (xenophagy, a type of selective autophagy) against pathogens escaping from endosomes.