Diurnal and geographic variations of pollinator importance for Cucurbita maxima Duchesne

Despite growing awareness of the importance of monitoring wild crop pollinators worldwide, there are still few reports, especially in East Asia. Considering ongoing global warming may change the distribution range and diurnal activity of pollinators, it is necessary to describe current geographic and diurnal patterns. We clarified pollinators of Cucurbita maxima Duchesne (Cucurbiales: Cucurbitaceae) in three geographically distinct (>350km, minimum) areas in Japan, focusing on diurnal variation. Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and Halictidae (Hymenoptera) were observed in all of the experimental gardens. Apis cerana japonica Radoszkowski (Hymenoptera: Apidae) were mainly observed in Mie and Kagoshima, while Bombus diversus diversus Smith (Hymenoptera: Apidae) were observed only in Ibaraki. The peak time of flower visits depended both on bee taxa and area and, interestingly, did not necessarily synchronize with the timing of highest pollen loads and the probability of stigma c..., Flower visitor survey
To clarify relative pollinator importance of the flower visitors, considering diurnal and geographical variations, we conducted (1) flower visitor sampling, (2) assessment of the amount of pollen on body surfaces, and (3) the examination of insect behaviors, from May to July 2019. Study plots (25–50m2) were established on experimental fields of C. maxima in Ibaraki, Mie, and Kagoshima, and at each plot, insect sampling was conducted for 5 minutes per hour. 
We captured each insect individual on male and female flowers with a 5ml plastic vial directly or with an insect net (36cm in diameter) by sweeping very slowly and then into the vial. Those vials were immediately put into cooler boxes, to keep the insects calm and to not let pollen grains fall. After the survey, all the vials containing insect individuals were labeled and stored in freezers at -20°C. Since the flowering period and the active time of flower visitors depend on daily temperature and sunrise time, ..., , # Diurnal and geographical variations of pollinator importance for Cucurbita maxima Duchesne

Data of Flower visiting insects of C. maxima and of reproductive output of the plants

## Description of the data and file structure

Our data consists of six files.
1\. \"Captured_number_of_bees.csv\"
2\. \"Pollen_loads_on_bees.csv\"
3\. \"Insect_bidy_size.csv\"
4\. \"Squash_fruit_set.csv\"
5\. \"Squash_yield.csv\"
6\. \"Behaviours_on_squash_flowers.csv\"

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Data specific information
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1\. Captured number of bees.csv\
\"Captured number of bees.csv\" is a list of collected bees in the regular surveys.\
Number of variables: 9\
Number of rows: 597\
Variable list (data type):

* area (category), showing the prefectures of the sites (i.e., Ibaraki, Kagoshima, or Mie).
* collection_day (category), showing the date when the surveys of bees were conducted.
* time.span (continuous), showing t...