Characteristics of study subjects (n = 2,169).

Continuous variables were reported as mean ± deviation (SD) and categorical variables as count (%).
BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; MAP, mean arterial pressure; PP, pulse pressure; HR, heart rate; TG, triglyceride; TC, total cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; CRAE, central retinal arteriolar equivalent; CRVE, central retinal venular equivalent; D(f), retinal vascular fractal dimension.
Hypertension: SBP≥140 mm Hg and DBP≥90 mm Hg, with or without medication. This group (n = 819) included subjects who were previously diagnosed (n = 738) and those diagnosed in this study based on the criteria above (n = 81).
Pre-hypertension: SBP 120–139 mm Hg and DBP 80–89 mm Hg without medication. Normal: SBP<120 mm Hg and DBP<80 mm Hg. Hypertension history was self-reported based on the questionnaire.
Characteristics of study subjects (n = 2,169).