Annual Survey of Jails: Jail-Level Data, 2011

The Annual Survey of Jails (ASJ) is the only data collection effort that provides an annual source of data on local jails and jail inmates. Data on the size of the jail population and selected inmate characteristics are obtained every five to six years from the Census of Jails. In each of the years between the full censuses, a sample survey of jails is conducted to estimate baseline characteristics of the nation's jails and inmates housed in these jails. The 2011 Annual Survey of Jails is the 24th such survey in a series begun in 1982. The ASJ supplies data on characteristics of jails such as admissions and releases, growth in the number of jail facilities, changes in their rated capacities and level of occupancy, growth in the population supervised in the community, changes in methods of community supervision, and crowding issues. The ASJ also provides information on changes in the demographics of the jail population, supervision status of persons held, and a count of non-citizens in custody. Starting in 2010, BJS enhanced the ASJ survey instruments to address topics on the number of convicted inmates that are unsentenced or sentenced and the number of unconvicted inmates awaiting trial/arraignment, or transfers/holds for other authorities. In order to reduce respondent burden, the ASJ no longer collects data on conviction status by sex. Also new to the survey, data are collected on jails' operational capacity and design capacity. Incorporating enhanced capacity measurements enables BJS to describe more accurately the variation and volatility of inmate bed space and crowding, especially as they relate to safety and security in jails. To address more directly issues related to overcrowding and safety and security in jails, BJS started collecting data on staff and assaults against staff from the largest jails. In the modifications to the ASJ, starting in 2010, 335 jail jurisdictions (370 respondents) included with certainty in the ASJ sample survey were asked to provide additional information (forms CJ-5D or CJ-5DA) on the flow of inmates going through jails and the distribution of time served, staff characteristics and assaults on staff resulting in death, and inmate misconduct. The data presented in this study were collected in the Annual Survey of Jails, 2011. These data are used to track growth in the number of jails and the capacities nationally, changes in the demographics of the jail population and supervision status of persons held, the prevalence of crowding issues, and a count of non-United States citizens within the jail population. The data are intended for a variety of users, including federal and state agencies, local officials in conjunction with jail administrators, researchers, planners, and the public. The reference date for the survey is June 30, 2011.

《监狱年度调查》（ASJ）是唯一一项提供关于地方监狱和监狱囚犯年度数据的收集工作。监狱人口规模及选定囚犯特征的数据每五至六年由监狱普查获取。在全普查年间，每一年都会进行一次监狱抽样调查，以估计全国监狱及其中关押的囚犯的基本特征。2011年的《监狱年度调查》是该系列调查的第24次，该系列调查始于1982年。ASJ提供了关于监狱特征的数据，例如接纳和释放情况、监狱设施数量的增长、其额定容量和占用率的变动、社区监管人口的增长、社区监管方法的变更以及拥挤问题。ASJ还提供了关于监狱人口人口统计学特征的变更、被监管人员的监管状态以及关押的非公民人数的信息。自2010年起，美国司法统计局（BJS）增强了ASJ调查工具，以涵盖有关未判决或已判决的囚犯数量以及等待审判/传唤或转交/扣押给其他当局的未判决囚犯数量的主题。为了减轻受访者的负担，ASJ不再收集按性别划分的定罪状态数据。此外，调查新增加了关于监狱的运营能力和设计能力的数据收集。通过纳入增强的容量测量，BJS能够更准确地描述囚犯床位空间和拥挤的变异性和波动性，尤其是与监狱的安全和安保相关的问题。为了更直接地解决与拥挤、监狱的安全和安保相关的问题，BJS开始从最大的监狱收集关于员工和针对员工的攻击的数据。从2010年开始对ASJ的修改中，335个监狱司法管辖区（370名受访者）被确认为ASJ样本调查的一部分，并被要求提供关于囚犯通过监狱的流动、服刑时间的分布、员工特征和导致死亡的员工攻击，以及囚犯不当行为的额外信息（CJ-5D或CJ-5DA表格）。本研究所展示的数据是在2011年的《监狱年度调查》中收集的。这些数据用于追踪全国监狱数量的增长和容量的变化、监狱人口人口统计学特征的变更和被监管人员的监管状态的变更、拥挤问题的普遍性，以及监狱人口中非美国公民的数量。这些数据旨在服务于各种用户，包括联邦和州级机构、与监狱管理员联合的地方官员、研究人员、规划者和公众。调查的参考日期为2011年6月30日。