Use of DPP-4 inhibitors and risk of pneumonia in T2DM patients, by sex and age.

Abbreviations:NIAD: non-insulin anti-diabetic drug;IR: incidence rate;HR: hazard ratio;DPP4: dipeptidyl-peptidase-4;GLP-1: glucagon-like peptide 1a: Numbers do not add up because data on past NIAD use, current GLP1 agonist and recent/past DPP4I is not shownb: Adjusted for sex, age, smoking status, BMI, alcohol use; a history of lung cancer, COPD, dementia and stroke; use of glucocorticoids, anticonvulsants, proton pump inhibitors, immunosuppressants (excluding glucocorticoids) and antipsychotics in the previous 6 months, influenza vaccination in the previous year, pneumococcal vaccination in the previous 5 years, Haemophilus influenza vaccination ever before, past use of NIADs, use of GLP1 analogues, recent and past use of DPP4Is (see Table 2, footnote b) and the most recently recorded HbA1c level in the previous yearc: Current use: a DPP4I-prescription ≤2 months before.Use of DPP-4 inhibitors and risk of pneumonia in T2DM patients, by sex and age.