Research on the defense of Tobacco Leaves triggered by nano-PE microplastics

The plant immune system is an important defense line for plants against pathogen invasion. In the plant immune system, signaling pathways serve as Bridges connecting external stimuli and intracellular responses. When plants are attacked by pathogens, they activate signaling pathways by sensing a series of signaling molecules secreted by the pathogens, thereby triggering a series of defense responses. These reactions include regulating gene expression, altering the structure of cell walls, generating toxins, etc., and ultimately forming an immune defense against pathogens.