Phytophthora Database

This database aims to include Phytophthora collections throughout the world in order to create a global atlas of the diversity and distribution of Phytophthora species.

Phytophthora, an oomycete plant pathogen, is more closely related to brown algae and diatoms than true fungi and has been placed in a separate kingdom, the Stramenopiles
(Gunderson et al., 1987; Förster et al., 1990; Leipe et al., 1994). Due to their high virulence and ability to spread rapidly throughout the world, Phytophthora is one of the most important groups of plant pathogens. The destructive potential of Phytophthora diseases is well illustrated by late blight (P. infestans), which was responsible for the Irish potato famine and has again become globally problematic due to the introduction of new, fungicide-resistant lineages (Fry and Goodwin, 1997). Sudden oak death in the US (Rizzo et al., 2002) and diseases on ornamental plants in Europe (Werres et al., 2001), caused by P. ramorum, are examples of the threat to forest ecosystems and the nursery industry.
Toward the goal of enhancing our ability to detect, diagnose, monitor, and manage Phytophthora diseases, we have been systematically cataloging genotypic and phenotypic data of Phytophthora spp. in a web-based database that can be easily accessed and utilized by the global community of plant health professionals. Although we are currently focusing on the genotypic characterization of the isolates archived in the World Phytophthora Collection (WPC; Phytophthora.ucr.edu) at UC-Riverside and in the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture (PDA), we plan to include Phytophthora collections throughout the world in order to create a global atlas of the diversity and distribution of Phytophthora species.
This project has been mainly supported by the NRI-Plant Biosecurity program (2005-35605-15393 and 2008-55605-18773) and currently involves the following principal investigators, including Seogchan Kang, David Geiser, and Scott Isard (Penn State), Mike Coffey (UC-Riverside), Joe Russo (ZedX, Inc.), Kelly Ivors (NC State), Frank Martin and Nik Grunwald (USDA-ARS). Grants from the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture (ME442316 and ME 445580) and a cooperative agreement with USDA-ARS (59-1920-3-304) have also been used to support parts of this project.

Partially supported by Grant from the USDA-AFRI Plant Biosecurity program supported the
establishment and improvement of the PD (2005-35605-15393 and 2008-55605-18773).

本数据库旨在收录全球范围内的疫霉属（Phytophthora）菌株资源，以构建全球疫霉物种多样性与分布图谱。

疫霉属（Phytophthora）属于卵菌植物病原菌，相较于真正的真菌，其与褐藻和硅藻的亲缘关系更近，被归入独立的不等鞭毛藻界（Stramenopiles）（Gunderson等，1987；Förster等，1990；Leipe等，1994）。由于疫霉属病原菌致病性强且可在全球范围内快速扩散，其是最重要的植物病原菌类群之一。疫霉病害的破坏性潜力以晚疫病（致病疫霉P. infestans）为例可见一斑：该病害曾引发爱尔兰马铃薯饥荒，如今随着新型抗杀菌剂菌株的出现，再度成为全球性难题（Fry与Goodwin，1997）。美国的栎树猝死病（Rizzo等，2002）以及欧洲观赏植物病害（Werres等，2001）均由栎树猝死疫霉（P. ramorum）引发，充分彰显了其对森林生态系统与苗圃产业的威胁。

为提升疫霉病害的检测、诊断、监测与防控能力，我们正通过一款面向全球植物健康专业人员开放的网络化数据库，系统性收录疫霉属物种的基因型与表型数据。目前我们的研究重点为加州大学河滨分校世界疫霉保藏中心（WPC; Phytophthora.ucr.edu）以及宾夕法尼亚州农业部（PDA）保藏的菌株的基因型鉴定，但我们的最终目标是收录全球所有疫霉属菌株资源，以构建全球疫霉物种多样性与分布图谱。

本项目主要由NRI植物生物安全项目（2005-35605-15393与2008-55605-18773）资助，当前参与的主要研究者包括宾夕法尼亚州立大学的Seogchan Kang、David Geiser与Scott Isard，加州大学河滨分校的Mike Coffey，ZedX公司的Joe Russo，北卡罗来纳州立大学的Kelly Ivors，以及美国农业部农业研究服务局（USDA-ARS）的Frank Martin与Nik Grunwald。此外，宾夕法尼亚州农业部提供的拨款（ME442316与ME 445580）以及与USDA-ARS达成的合作协议（59-1920-3-304）也为本项目的部分工作提供了支持。

本数据库的建立与完善还得到了USDA-AFRI植物生物安全项目的部分资助（2005-35605-15393与2008-55605-18773）。

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

Phytophthora Database是一个全球性的植物病原体数据库，专注于Phytophthora物种的多样性和分布研究，由多个研究机构合作支持，但目前不再公开访问。