Signaling by TGFBR3
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TGFBR3, also known as betaglycan, is a member of the proteoglycan family (Zhang et al., 2020) and plays a key role in regulating TGF-beta receptor-mediated signaling (Esparza-Lopez et al., 2001, Blobe et al., 2001) as well as TGF-beta-independent signaling (Wiater et al.,2003, Andres et al., 1992). TGFBR3 is expressed in abundance in normal cells (Wang et al, 1991) and is known to be down-regulated in multiple cancers due to its function as a tumor suppressor (Zhang et al.,2020, Fang et al.,2020, Cook et al.,2019). TGFBR3 is a transmembrane protein but lacks kinase activity in its cytoplasmic domain (López-Casillas et al.,1991). TGFBR3 primarily works as a co-receptor for different signaling pathways and can either facilitate or inhibit them (Wiater et al.,2003, Andres et al., 1992, Esparza-Lopez et al., 2001). TGFBR3 binds to TGF-beta ligands, facilitates their presentation to the TGFBR2 receptor, and helps in complex formation between TGFBR2 and TGFBR1 (Esparza-Lopez et al., 2001, Blobe et al., 2001). TGFBR3 also facilitates FGF:FGFR receptor complex stability and functions in FGFR1-mediated signaling as a co-receptor (Andres et al., 1992). TGBFR3 regulates signaling by other TGF-beta family members, including BMP2/7 and Activin (Wiater et al.,2003). Thus, TGFBR3 is involved in normal cell signaling and plays an important role in cancer, inflammatory diseases (Santiago et al, 2020), and Alzheimer's (Song et al., 2022).
TGFBR3,亦称β-半乳糖甘露聚糖,属于蛋白聚糖家族(张等,2020年)成员,并在调节TGF-β受体介导的信号传导(埃斯帕尔扎-洛佩斯等,2001年,布洛贝等,2001年)以及TGF-β非依赖性信号传导(维阿特等,2003年,安德烈斯等,1992年)中发挥着关键作用。TGFBR3在正常细胞中表达丰富(王等,1991年),因其作为肿瘤抑制剂的职能,在多种癌症中已知其表达下调(张等,2020年,方等,2020年,库克等,2019年)。TGFBR3是一种跨膜蛋白,但其细胞质域缺乏激酶活性(洛佩斯-卡西拉斯等,1991年)。TGFBR3主要作为不同信号传导的共同受体发挥作用,既能促进也能抑制信号传导(维阿特等,2003年,安德烈斯等,1992年,埃斯帕尔扎-洛佩斯等,2001年)。TGFBR3与TGF-β配体结合,促进其向TGFBR2受体的呈递,并有助于TGFBR2与TGFBR1之间的复合物形成(埃斯帕尔扎-洛佩斯等,2001年,布洛贝等,2001年)。TGFBR3还促进FGF:FGFR受体复合物的稳定性,并在FGFR1介导的信号传导中作为共同受体发挥作用(安德烈斯等,1992年)。TGBFR3通过调节其他TGF-β家族成员的信号传导,包括BMP2/7和活化素(维阿特等,2003年)来进行信号传导调控。因此,TGFBR3参与正常细胞信号传导,并在癌症、炎症性疾病(圣地亚哥等,2020年)以及阿尔茨海默病(宋等,2022年)中发挥着重要作用。
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