HadISST：Hadley全球海表温度观测资料（1870-2019）

英国气象局哈德莱中心（Met Office Hadley Center）海表温度和海冰资料（HadISST1）为1870年至今1°×1°的全球逐月海表温度—海冰密集度合并观测数据，替代了全球海冰和海温数据集（the Global sea Ice and Sea Surface Temperature，GISST）。海温资料来源于英国气象局海洋资料库（Marine Data Bank, MDB）。从1982年起还使用了全球电信系统（GTS）接收的数据。为了提高数据覆盖率，在没有MDB数据的情况下，还使用了来自海洋-大气综合数据集（COADS）（现为ICOADS）的1871-1995年的月中SST。海冰数据来自各种来源，包括数字化海冰图和被动微波反演（passive microwave retrievals）。HadISST1使用了一个两步约化空间最优插值处理后的重建数据，再在重建数据上叠加高质量的格点观测，以恢复局地详细信息。海冰资料的均一性更好，因为补充的卫星海冰密集度资料减弱了融化效应对北极地区的影响以及南极地区的算法缺陷，使这些历史资料和卫星资料一致，这也提高了海冰数据的均一性。海冰附近的海表温度由两者的统计关系估计得到。

The Hadley Centre Sea Ice and Sea Surface Temperature Dataset 1 (HadISST1) from the Met Office Hadley Center is a global monthly 1°×1° merged observational dataset of sea surface temperature (SST) and sea ice concentration spanning from 1870 to the present, which replaced the Global Sea Ice and Sea Surface Temperature Dataset (GISST). SST data are sourced from the Met Office Marine Data Bank (MDB). Since 1982, data received via the Global Telecommunications System (GTS) have also been utilized. To enhance data coverage, mid-month SST data from 1871 to 1995 sourced from the Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (COADS, now known as ICOADS) are employed when MDB data are unavailable. Sea ice data are derived from various sources, including digitized sea ice maps and passive microwave retrievals. HadISST1 uses reconstructed data processed via two-step reduced-space optimal interpolation, then overlays high-quality gridded observations onto the reconstructed data to recover local detailed information. The sea ice dataset exhibits better homogeneity, as the supplemented satellite sea ice concentration data mitigate the impacts of melting effects on the Arctic region and algorithmic deficiencies in the Antarctic region, aligning these historical records with satellite data, which further improves the homogeneity of the sea ice data. Sea surface temperatures near sea ice are estimated based on the statistical relationship between the two variables.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

HadISST数据集是英国气象局哈德莱中心提供的全球海表温度和海冰密集度观测资料，覆盖1870年至2019年，具有1°×1°的逐月空间分辨率。该数据集通过融合多源观测数据（如海洋资料库和卫星反演）并采用最优插值处理，确保了数据的长期一致性和高覆盖率，适用于全球气候变化研究。