Effect of time on BSR for northern muriquis at the Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Feliciano Miguel Abdala, Brazil from 1983 to 2010 (equation 4).

1For fixed effects this is the z-score, and for random effects this is (χ20+χ21)/2. Statistical tests are only provided for those quantities of interest. For the Fertility data set, N = 150 observations from 37 mothers over 24 years in 4 age classes. For the Biography data set, N = 324 observations from 94 mothers over 28 years. For the Fertility data set, the effect of mother age class was not statistically significant (LLR χ23 = 1.12, P>0.5).