Mean values of important co-variates at the full range of distance classes from the DMTS haul road in CAKR, with the standard error of the mean (presented in parentheses).

Mean elemental values are mg/kg in Hylocomium splendens tissue, dry weight, except % Total S and % Total N. Values are presented for the Reference Sites and the Kotzebue road sites that were not included in subsequent analyses of vegetation community structure. The 2001 values for Cd, Pb and Zn are from Hasselbach et al. [18].