Time series of hourly resolution Solar-PV generation for European Scale Energy system studies

This dataset provides Pan-European simulated hourly time series of solar PV generation to be used with Balmorel energy system model which can be used to study future European scale energy system. In total, the dataset consists of three different technologies (rooftop PV, utility-scale PV with tracking, and utility-scale PV without tracking), each simulated across three resource grades (RGA, RGB, and RGC). Naming of the folders and their respective files are based on the technology type followed by resource grade. The resource grade RGA consists of best 10 % of locations (in terms of mean irradiance) within each region. Similarly, RGB consists of simulation of 10-50 % of the best location and RGC consists of the remaining 50 % of the locations. Each folder has one csv file which contains the hourly time-series and a map which shows the resulting capacity factors. The first column in csv file are the timestamps defined in GMT time and the rest of the columns represent Balmorel regions.For simulations a generic PV module and inverters are assumed. The meteorological data are from ERA5-Land and pvlib (version: 0.8.0) is used for the transformation to power generation (see references below). Three separate runs are performed:1. Utility scale without tracking: south-facing PVs with an optimal tilt and overplanting of 25%.2. Utility scale with 1-axis tracking: south-facing PVs with an optimal tilt and overplanting of 25%, and 1-axis tracking.3. Rooftop PV installations: The installation angles for each location are simulated from 2 Gaussian distributions, with the following parameters for orientation and tilt: μ = 180°, σ = 40 and μ = 25°, σ = 15° (tilt angles below 0 are forced to be 0), respectively. (link3)The optimal tilt was calculated based on the formula : β = 0.764 × Latitude + 2.14° (link4)This item is part of a larger collection of wind and solar data: https://doi.org/10.11583/DTU.c.7964141