Size, shape, and content of mice femora.

Values are means ± SE of raw data; N, no of mice; CSA, cross sectional area; CSMI, cross sectional moment of inertia; BMD, areal bone mineral density; BMC, bone mineral content.*Data analyzed using ANCOVA with a covariate of body mass.tData transformed to satisfy assumptions of normality and variance.rNon-transformable data was ranked.agenotype effect,bsex effect,cdiet effect,dgt*sex effect,egt*diet effect.CSA: WT females had a greater CSA than PKU females, both of which were greater than the males per unit body weight. A main effect of diet demonstrated a significant reduction in CSA in mice fed the AA diet.Perimeter: Females had a larger perimeter than males. Mice fed casein had the greatest perimeter, followed by GMP, and then AA.Inner minor axis (IMA): Females had a larger IMA than males. PKU mice fed casein had the largest IMA. There was no difference between WT mice fed casein and WT or PKU mice fed GMP. Mice fed GMP were also not different from mice fed AA, however PKU mice fed AA had a significantly smaller IMA compared to WT mice fed casein.Inner Major Axis(IMAJA): Mice fed the casein diet had the greatest IMAJA.Outer minor axis (OMA): Females had a greater OMA than males. PKU mice fed casein had the longest OMA and PKU mice fed AA had the shortest.Outer major axis (OMAJA): Mice fed casein had a larger OMAJA than mice fed either GMP or AA diet.Shape factor (SF) = OMAJA/OMA: Females had a more circular cross section than males.CSMI: Females had a larger CSMI compared to males after correction for body weight. PKU mice fed casein had the greatest CSMI. There was no difference in CSMI between WT mice fed casein, WT and PKU mice fed GMP and WT mice fed AA, however there was a significant reduction in CSMI in PKU mice fed AA. There also was no difference between WT and PKU mice fed casein or GMP.BMD: WT females had a higher BMD than WT males, both of which were higher than the BMD of PKU mice, where there were no differences due to gender or diet.BMC: Male mice had a greater BMC than females. WT mice had a greater BMC than PKU mice.