Processed CSV Files and Graphical Outputs for the Upsilon Signature in Globular Clusters and Elliptical Galaxies

Upsilon Signature Dataset

Processed object-by-object CSV files and graphical outputs for the Upsilon-signature analysis of globular clusters, core-collapsed globular clusters, and elliptical galaxies.

Purpose

This dataset accompanies the related Upsilon-signature and UGR preprints in which the Upsilon Signature hypothesis is presented and applied as a diagnostic framework for interpreting line-of-sight velocity-dispersion profiles.

The archive contains processed working files used to document the accepted parameter configurations and the non-accepted robustness-test configurations discussed in the associated manuscript. The files are intended to support transparency, reproducibility, and independent inspection of the plotting workflow.

Archive structure

The archive is organized by object. Each object folder may contain up to three subfolders:

Y_OK:  Files corresponding to the accepted Upsilon-signature configuration used in the main object-by-object analysis and in Table 2 of the associated manuscript.

Y_KO:  Files corresponding to the robustness tests in which the fitted Upsilon value lies outside the preliminary Upsilon band inferred from the literature input values. These outputs support the cases summarized in Table 3 of the associated manuscript.

BiA_KO: Files corresponding to the robustness tests in which the “born-at-apocenter” weighting assumption is replaced by a linear monotonic weighting. These outputs support the cases summarized in Table 4 of the associated manuscript.

File types included

Within the corresponding subfolders, the following file types are included:

*_entrada_ajuste.csv:  Input CSV files used by the plotting application. These files include the object-specific plotting inputs, fitted parameters, compiled literature input values, and processed quantities associated with the exported result.

*.png: Graphical outputs generated by the plotting application for the corresponding object and parameter configuration. Some object folders may contain more than one PNG when more than one plot variant was used in the associated analysis.

Objects included

Globular clusters:

NGC 5904 (M5)

NGC 2808

NGC 6254

NGC 6266

Core-collapsed globular clusters:

NGC 6397

NGC 7078 (M15)

Elliptical galaxies:

NGC 4494

NGC 3379

NGC 5846

NGC 1344

Provenance of the processed files

The files in this archive are processed working files, not raw observational catalogues. They were generated by the author using the associated Upsilon Signature plotting application from object-specific CSV inputs prepared from published literature sources.

Some CSV columns include literature input values, in particular published σLOS measurements, uncertainties, surface-brightness inputs, structural parameters, mass estimates, radial scales, or mass-to-light information compiled from the sources listed below and in the associated manuscript. These values are included only for transparency and reproducibility of the plotting workflow, parameter choices, and graphical outputs.

The author-generated content consists of the adopted Upsilon-signature parameterization, processed quantities, derived graphical outputs, object-by-object configuration files, robustness-test outputs, and the organization of the dataset for the purposes of the associated analysis.

No claim of ownership is made over the original observational measurements or literature input values, which remain attributable to their original authors and publications.

Source mapping by object

NGC 5904 → Harris (1996, updated 2010); Baumgardt & Hilker (2018)

NGC 2808 → Harris (1996, updated 2010); Baumgardt & Hilker (2018); Ferraro et al. (2018)

NGC 6254 → Harris (1996, updated 2010); Baumgardt & Hilker (2018); Noyola & Gebhardt (2006)

NGC 6266 → Harris (1996, updated 2010); Baumgardt & Hilker (2018)

NGC 6397 → Harris (1996, updated 2010); Baumgardt & Hilker (2018); Kamann et al. (2016)

NGC 7078 → Harris (1996, updated 2010); Baumgardt & Hilker (2018); Usher et al. (2021)

NGC 4494 → Coccato et al. (2009); Napolitano et al. (2009); Foster et al. (2011); Cappellari et al. (2011)

NGC 3379 → Coccato et al. (2009); Douglas et al. (2007); De Lorenzi et al. (2009); Graham (2024)

NGC 5846 → Coccato et al. (2009); Cappellari et al. (2013); Laurikainen et al. (2010)

NGC 1344 → Teodorescu et al. (2005); Sikkema et al. (2007)

Bibliographic sources

Baumgardt, H.; Hilker, M. A catalogue of masses, structural parameters, and velocity dispersion profiles of 112 Milky Way globular clusters. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 2018, 478, 1520–1557. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty1057

Cappellari, M.; Emsellem, E.; Krajnović, D.; McDermid, R. M.; Scott, N.; Verdoes Kleijn, G. A.; et al. The ATLAS3D project—I. A volume-limited sample of 260 nearby early-type galaxies: science goals and selection criteria. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 2011, 413, 813–836. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.18174.x

Cappellari, M.; Scott, N.; Alatalo, K.; Blitz, L.; Bois, M.; Bournaud, F.; et al. The ATLAS3D project—XX. Mass-size and mass-σ distributions of early-type galaxies: bulge fraction drives kinematics, mass-to-light ratio, molecular gas fraction and stellar initial mass function. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 2013, 432, 1862–1893. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stt644

Coccato, L.; Gerhard, O.; Arnaboldi, M.; Das, P.; Douglas, N. G.; Kuijken, K.; et al. Kinematic properties of early-type galaxy haloes using planetary nebulae. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 2009, 394, 1249–1283. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.14417.x

De Lorenzi, F.; Gerhard, O.; Coccato, L.; et al. Dearth of dark matter or massive dark halo? Mass-shape-anisotropy degeneracies revealed by NMAGIC models of NGC 3379. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 2009, 395, 76–96.

Douglas, N. G.; Napolitano, N. R.; Romanowsky, A. J.; et al. The PN.S Elliptical Galaxy Survey: Data reduction, planetary nebula catalog, and basic dynamics for NGC 3379. Astrophys. J. 2007, 664, 257–276.

Ferraro, F. R.; Lanzoni, B.; Dalessandro, E.; et al. MIKiS: The ESO-VLT Multi-Instrument Kinematic Survey of Galactic Globular Clusters. The Messenger 2018, 172, 18–23.

Foster, C.; Spitler, L. R.; Romanowsky, A. J.; et al. Global properties of ordinary early-type galaxies: photometry and spectroscopy of stars and globular clusters in NGC 4494. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 2011, 415, 3393–3416.

Graham, A. W. Early-type galaxy speciation: Elliptical (E) and ellicular (ES) galaxies in Virgo, Fornax, and nearby groups? Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 2024, 535, 299–321.

Harris, W. E. A Catalog of Parameters for Globular Clusters in the Milky Way; 1996 edition, updated 2010; McMaster University: Hamilton, ON, Canada.

Kamann, S.; Husser, T.-O.; Brinchmann, J.; et al. A central velocity dispersion cusp in the core-collapsed globular cluster NGC 6397. Astron. Astrophys. 2016, 588, A149.

Laurikainen, E.; Salo, H.; Buta, R.; Knapen, J. H.; Comerón, S. Photometric scaling relations of lenticular and spiral galaxies. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 2010, 405, 1089–1118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.16521.x

Napolitano, N. R.; Romanowsky, A. J.; Coccato, L.; et al. The Planetary Nebula Spectrograph elliptical galaxy survey: the dark matter in NGC 4494. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 2009, 393, 329–353.

Noyola, E.; Gebhardt, K. Surface brightness profiles of Galactic globular clusters from Hubble Space Telescope images. Astron. J. 2006, 132, 447–466. https://doi.org/10.1086/505390

Sikkema, G.; Carter, D.; Peletier, R. F.; Balcells, M.; del Burgo, C.; Valentijn, E. A. HST/ACS observations of shell galaxies: inner shells, shell colours and dust. Astron. Astrophys. 2007, 467, 1011–1025.

Teodorescu, A. M.; Méndez, R. H.; Saglia, R. P.; Riffeser, A.; Kudritzki, R. P.; Gerhard, O. E.; Kleyna, J. Planetary nebulae and stellar kinematics in the flattened elliptical galaxy NGC 1344. Astrophys. J. 2005, 635, 290–306.

Usher, C.; Kamann, S.; Gieles, M.; Hénault-Brunet, V.; Dalessandro, E.; Balbinot, E.; Sollima, A. MUSE narrow field mode observations of the central kinematics of M15. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 2021, 503, 1680–1687. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab565

Software provenance

The processed files in this dataset were generated with the associated Upsilon Signature plotting software archived separately in Zenodo as a software record:

Girón Díaz, J. M. Upsilon Signature Plotting App for LOS Velocity-Dispersion Profiles in Globular Clusters and Elliptical Galaxies, version 1.0; Zenodo, 2026. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19645086

License and reuse clarification

The author-generated processed content, dataset organization, parameter configurations, derived quantities, graphical outputs, and object-by-object analysis structure are distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0).

The inclusion of literature input values in the CSV files should not be interpreted as a relicensing of the original observational measurements. Observational σLOS values, uncertainties, surface-brightness inputs, structural parameters, mass estimates, radial scales, and mass-to-light information compiled from published sources remain attributable to their original authors and publications. They are included here solely to make the associated plotting workflow and analysis reproducible.

Users reusing these files should cite this Zenodo dataset record, the associated Zenodo software record, the associated article or preprint describing the method, and the original observational sources corresponding to each object.

Citation

Please cite:

this Zenodo dataset record;

the associated Zenodo software record;

the associated article or preprint describing the Upsilon-signature method;

the original literature sources corresponding to the observational input values reused for each object.

Author

Jose Manuel Girón Díaz

ORCID: 0009-0000-9049-374X