Distribution of Female and Male First and Last Authorship across Drug Delivery Related Journals with Respect to Year and Journal Impact Factor

First and last authorship are important metrics of productivity
and scholarly success for trainees and professors. For 11 drug delivery-related
journals in 2021, the percentage of female first (39.5%) and last
(25.7%) authorship was reported. A strong negative correlation, with
female first (rp = −0.73) and female
last authorship (rp = −0.66), was
observed with respect to journal impact factor. In contrast, there
was a strong positive correlation with male first and last authorship
(rp = 0.71). Papers were ∼1.5 times
more likely to have a male first author, and ∼3 times more
likely to have a male last author, than females. A female was 22%
more likely to have first authorship if the last author was female,
although there is an ∼1% increase per year in female authorship
with male last authorship, which equates to equality in first authorship
by 2044. Considering that drug delivery is composed of engineering,
chemistry, and pharmaceutical science disciplines, the observed 25.7%
female last authorship does not represent the approximately 35.5%
to 50% of professors that are female in these disciplines, internationally.
Overall, female authorship in drug delivery-related journals should
improve to better represent the work of female senior authors.