农林剩余物多途径热解气化联产炭材料关键技术开发

该技术成果由林化所蒋剑春研究员率领的科研创新团队历时十余年完成，其主要以农林生物质为原料，采取富氧气化介质、催化剂等技术手段改变气化产物和产品质量，通过高温热解气化反应制备生物质燃气、生物质炭等能源产品，综合利用副产物生物质炭制备成型炭/活性炭产品，实现生物质能源与材料的综合利用，是国家“九五”攻关课题“生物质富氧催化气化研究”、国家“十五”攻关课题“160kW流化床生物质气化发电技术产业化研究”、国家“十一五”科技支撑课题“农林剩余物制备生物燃气关键技术研究”3个课题的系列研究所共同形成。该技术首创了锥形流化床生物质气化技术与设备，研制出锥形结构流化床、锥体气体分布器、料封结构设备构件，使系统具有自排渣功能，密封性好，且运行稳定，操作弹性大 创新开发了生物质富氧气化技术与焦油裂解复合催化剂，较大幅度地提高了燃气热值。首次实现了利用生物质气化过程联产高碳含量固体炭产品的优化耦合生产技术，利用炭产品开发出炼钢工业保温剂、加工成型炭及制备高品质活性炭，提高了生物质气化技术应用的经济性，为生物质可再生能源转化综合利用开拓了新途径。研制的活性炭生产过程热能自循环工艺，替代燃煤供热，实现节能减排，同时有效防止煤灰和硫等杂质的干扰，提高了活性炭产品质量 创制了木质活性炭物理法-化学法一体化技术与装备，建立了世界上首套最大规模利用生物质燃气供热的5000吨化学法活性炭示范生产线。通过集成创新农林生物质热解气化技术与装备，实现成套装置出口到国外。建立的气化发电机组、气化供热和气化供气系统生产线进行了长期的示范运行，取得了显著的经济、社会和生态效益。

This technological achievement was completed over a decade by a research and innovation team led by Researcher Jiang Jianchun from the Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products (ICIFP). It mainly takes agricultural and forestry biomass as raw materials, adopting technical means such as oxygen-enriched gasification media and catalysts to adjust the composition and quality of gasification products. Through high-temperature pyrolysis gasification reactions, it prepares energy products including biomass syngas and biochar, and comprehensively utilizes the byproduct biochar to produce formed charcoal and activated carbon products, thereby realizing the comprehensive utilization of biomass energy and materials. This technology is the cumulative outcome of three national key research projects: the "9th Five-Year Plan" key project "Research on Oxygen-enriched Catalytic Gasification of Biomass", the "10th Five-Year Plan" key project "Industrialization Research on 160kW Fluidized Bed Biomass Gasification Power Generation Technology", and the "11th Five-Year Plan" science and technology support project "Key Technology Research on Biological Syngas Preparation from Agricultural and Forestry Residues". This technology pioneered conical fluidized bed biomass gasification technology and supporting equipment. It developed conical fluidized bed reactors, conical gas distributors and material-sealing structural components, endowing the system with self-discharging slag function, good airtightness, stable operation and wide operational flexibility. It also innovatively developed biomass oxygen-enriched gasification technology and a composite catalyst for tar cracking, which significantly increased the calorific value of the syngas. For the first time, it realized the optimal coupled production technology for co-producing high-carbon solid biochar products during the biomass gasification process. By utilizing the biochar products to develop steelmaking industrial heat preservation agents, processed formed charcoal and high-quality activated carbon, it improved the economic viability of biomass gasification technology applications, opening up new approaches for the comprehensive utilization of biomass renewable energy conversion. The developed self-heat-recycling process for activated carbon production replaces coal-fired heating, achieving energy conservation and emission reduction, while effectively preventing interference from impurities such as coal ash and sulfur, thereby improving the quality of activated carbon products. It also developed integrated physical-chemical activation technology and equipment for wood-based activated carbon, and established the world's first and largest 5000-ton chemical activated carbon demonstration production line heated by biomass syngas. Through integrated innovation of agricultural and forestry biomass pyrolysis gasification technology and equipment, the complete sets of devices have been exported to foreign countries. The production lines for gasification power generation units, gasification heating and gasification supply systems established via this technology have undergone long-term demonstration operations, achieving remarkable economic, social and ecological benefits.

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背景概述

该数据集总结了'农林剩余物多途径热解气化联产炭材料关键技术开发'技术成果，由林化所蒋剑春研究员团队基于'九五'、'十五'和'十一五'国家攻关课题系列研究完成。关键技术包括首创锥形流化床生物质气化设备、开发富氧气化与焦油裂解催化剂，以及实现生物质气化联产高碳含量固体炭产品，用于制备成型炭和活性炭，从而提高经济性并开拓生物质可再生能源转化新途径。数据集还涉及该技术在示范生产线和出口成套装置中的应用，取得了显著的经济、社会和生态效益。