Landscape Response to Hemlock Woolly Adelgid in Southern New England 1997-2011

The hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsuga Annand; HWA), a small, aphid-like insect native to Japan, is currently migrating Northward through eastern North America and threatens to eliminate eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carriere), one of the most abundant, long-lived shade tolerant species, across its range. In addition, a second invasive pest, the elongate hemlock scale (Fiorinia externa; EHS), often co-occurs with HWA on hemlock with unknown long-term consequences. This study was started to analyze Hemlock tree stands, the damage created by HWA and the long term consequences of EHS.