Human 16S rDNA sequencing.

Graves' disease (GD) is one of the most common organ-specific autoimmune disorders. Current evidence indicates that GD pathogenesis results from complex gene-environment interactions, although the precise mechanisms remain incompletely elucidated. This study aims to investigate effects of environmental factors such as gut microbiota and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection on the pathogenesis of GD.