The share of pupils at the end of primary schooling who are below the minimum proficiency level (MPL) for reading or learning deprived. The MPL in reading at the end of primary is defined by the Globa
Learning poverty gap gives an indication of the average effort needed to bring children already in school above minimum proficiency and to increase access to schooling among those who are out of schoo
The share of 10-year-olds who cannot read and understand a short passage of age-appropriate material—in other words, those who are below the minimum proficiency threshold for reading. This measure is
Learning poverty severity gives an indication of the inequality in learning among the learning deprived children already in school and the effort needed to tackle schooling deprivation.
