MENA BANK DATA

This database contains bank-level financial and country-level governance data for 12 Middle Eastern and North African countries from 2010 to 2022. It is organized into three sheets: MENA (full sample), GCC (Gulf Cooperation Council countries), and NGCC (non-GCC countries). Key variables include: - Bank identifiers: Country of Headquarters, ID, ANN (year) - Financial performance & risk: npls (non-performing loans), roa (return on assets), EROA, SROA, ZSCORE, LNZSCORE - Financial development & structure: FD, FDQI_INDEX, ltd (loan-to-deposit ratio), cap (capital ratio), size, nii (net interest income), tc (total capital) - Governance & regulation:ind (board independence), dual (CEO duality), dg (director gender), mand (mandatory rules), comp (compensation), bc_index (board characteristics index) - Macroeconomic & institutional: GDPG (GDP growth), inf (inflation), conc (concentration), ccorr (corruption control), govs (government stability), rlaw (rule of law), iq_index (institutional quality), GE (government effectiveness), RQ (regulatory quality), VA (voice & accountability) The MENA sheet has 12 columns, the GCC sheet has 10, and the NGCC sheet has 10, reflecting slight differences in variable availability across subsamples. Data coverage is unbalanced, with some variables missing for certain country-year observations. (2026-09-30)