Relationship between facial biotype and vertical occlusal dimension in patients at the Dr. Rene Puig Benz dental clinic at the Pedro Henriquez Ureña National University, May- August 2025.

The vertical occlusal dimension (DVO) is related to function and aesthetics, highlighting the concept of facial biotype, used in orthodontics and oral rehabilitation. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between facial biotype and DVO in patients at the Dr. René Puig Bentz dental clinic. A cross-sectional experimental study was conducted with 200 patients (116 women and 84 men) over the age of 18, predominantly women and young people (18–29 years). The overall DVO was 66.66 ± 6.19 mm, higher in men (70.82 ± 4.63 mm) than in women (63.65 ± 5.37 mm), with highly significant differences according to sex (p = 6.82 × 10⁻¹⁹). By facial biotype, dolichofacial presented the highest DVO (67.59 ± 6.22 mm), followed by mesofacial (65.54 ± 6.21 mm) and brachyfacial (65.06 ± 5.39 mm), with significant differences between biotypes (p = 0.04). The post-hoc test showed that there was only significance between dolichofacial and mesofacial biotypes. The dolichofacial biotype predominated in all ages, sexes, and Kennedy classes. According to the Niswonger method, increased DVO was more frequent in young people and men, while normal VOD predominated in older adults. No significant differences were observed by age (p = 0.56). In conclusion, the results support our hypothesis (H1), establishing a significant relationship between facial biotype and DVO, highlighting the relevance of the dolichofacial biotype as a factor associated with higher DVO in participants.