Uptake and actions of bacterial toxins

The toxic effects of many bacteria on their human hosts are mediated by proteins released from the bacteria that enter human cells and disrupt critical cellular functions (Henkel et al. 2010). All of the ones annotated here share a bipartiite mechanism of host intoxication: one moiety binds target cells and mediates the delivery of the other part to the intracellular compartment where it can function as an enzyme to degrade or derivatize and inactivate critical target cell proteins or to activate constitutive synthesis of high levels of cAMP.众多细菌对人类宿主的毒性作用，是通过细菌释放的蛋白质进入人体细胞并干扰关键细胞功能所介导的（Henkel 等人，2010年）。此处所标注的所有细菌均具备宿主中毒的双元机制：其一分子与靶细胞结合，负责将另一部分送达细胞内室，使其能够在那里作为酶降解或衍生化并失活关键靶细胞蛋白，或者激活高水平的cAMP的组成性合成。