Hesperidin Ameliorates PTSD-Associated Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Damage: Evidence from Molecular and Histopathological Investigation.

Persistent neuroinflammation and oxidative stress have been linked to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and are related to neuronal damage and behavioral disorders. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory natural compounds could be therapeutically useful. To explore the neuroprotective potential of hesperidin-- a citrus-derived flavonoid-- against PTSD-like symptoms in rats exposed to Single Prolonged Stress (SPS). Fourty eight adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups; control, SPS-only, SPS with fluoxetine (20 mg/kg), SPS with hesperidin at a dosage of 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg. The PTSD-like behavior was produced by a series of restraint, forced swimming, ether anesthesia and seven days isolation. Treatment was done orally during 14 days after SPS. Oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde, catalase, superoxide dismutase), proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-a, IL-6, IL-1b), and neuronal markers (BDNF, GFAP, NeuN) were determined by biochemical assays. There was also histological and immunohistochemical analysis.The attached file, contains the raw data for the following investigations:· Oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde, catalase, superoxide dismutase),· proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-a, IL-6, IL-1b),