Phylogenetic classification of living and fossil ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii)

Classification of the tremendous diversity of ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii) began with the designation of taxonomic groups based on morphological similarity. Starting in the late 1960s morphological phylogenetics became the basis for the classification of Actinopterygii but failed to resolve many relationships, particularly among lineages within the hyperdiverse Percomorpha. The introduction of molecular phylogenetics led to a dramatic reconfiguration of actinopterygian phylogeny. Refined phylogenetic resolution afforded by molecular studies revealed an uneven diversity among actinopterygian lineages, resulting in a proliferation of redundant group names in Linnean-ranked classifications. Here we provide an unranked phylogenetic classification for actinopterygian fishes based on a summary phylogeny of 830 lineages of ray-finned fishes that includes all currently recognized actinopterygian taxonomic families and 287 fossil taxa. We provide phylogenetic definitions for 90 clade names and review seven previously defined names. For each of the 97 clade names we review the etymology of the clade name, clade species diversity and constituent lineages, clade diagnostic morphological apomorphies, a review of synonyms, and discuss the clade's nomenclatural and systematic history. The new classification is free of redundant group names and includes only one new name among the 97 clade names we review and describe, yielding a comprehensive classification that is based explicitly on the phylogeny of ray-finned fishes that has emerged in the 21st century and rests on the foundation of the previous 200 years of actinopterygian systematic research.

辐鳍鱼类(Actinopterygii)庞大多样类群的分类研究，最初始于基于形态相似性建立的分类群命名。20世纪60年代末起，形态系统发育学成为辐鳍鱼类分类的核心依据，但却未能厘清诸多类群间的演化关系，尤其是高度多样的鲈形总目(Percomorpha)内部的谱系关系。分子系统发育学的引入，使得辐鳍鱼类的系统发育框架发生了颠覆性重构。分子研究带来的更精细的系统发育分辨率，揭示出辐鳍鱼类各谱系间的多样性分布并不均衡，这导致林奈分级分类体系中出现了大量冗余类群名称。本研究基于涵盖830个辐鳍鱼类谱系的总结性系统发育树，建立了一套无等级划分的辐鳍鱼类系统发育分类体系，该体系包含当前已被认可的所有辐鳍鱼类分类科与287个化石类群。我们为90个演化支(clade)名称提供了系统发育定义，并对7个此前已定义的名称进行了梳理。针对本次涉及的97个演化支名称，我们逐一回顾了其名称词源、物种多样性与组成谱系、诊断形态衍征，并对异名进行了综述，同时讨论了该演化支的命名与系统学历史。新分类体系彻底剔除了所有冗余类群名称，在本次梳理与描述的97个演化支名称中仅新增1个名称。该体系全面贴合21世纪以来逐步明晰的辐鳍鱼类系统发育框架，同时立足于此前200年间辐鳍鱼类系统学研究的坚实基础。

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集提供了一个基于系统发育的辐鳍鱼类（Actinopterygii）分类系统，涵盖现存和化石物种，其核心内容是一个包含830个谱系（包括所有已知科和287个化石类群）的系统发育树。数据集定义了97个分支名称，旨在消除传统林奈分类中的冗余，并综合了形态和分子数据，以反映现代系统发育研究进展。