Product yields, carbon and redox balances, growth and energetic parameters, total substrate and pH values determined at the time point of maximal biomass achieved by D39 and D39ΔccpA strains cultured on Glc (56±1 mM) or Gal (57±1 mM).

Substrate consumption rate and the specific growth rate are also shown. Values of two or three independent experiments were averaged and errors are reported as ±SD.aCarbon balance is the percentage of carbon in metabolized Glc or Gal that is recovered in the fermentation products (lactate, formate, ethanol and acetate);bredox balance is the ratio between [lactate]+2×[ethanol] and 2×[Glc or Gal] multiplied by 100. qsmax was estimated from a first-order derivative of a polynomial fit of the observed substrate consumption time series. Dry weight (DW) was used as a measure of cell mass. BDL, below detection limit.