Bumble bees and honey bees on islands harbour reduced viral species richness, yet honey bee populations are dominated by a deformed wing virus recombinant

Pollinators harbour diverse RNA viromes that play a vital role in their health. Yet, factors that shape viral communities are often unclear. The European honey bee (Apis mellifera) is experiencing a viral epidemic since the emergence of the parasitic mite Varroa destructor (varroa) introduced vector-borne transmission, which has also been linked to increased viral spillover into wild pollinator communities. Varroa-free island populations provide natural laboratories to study the effect of varroa, while also allowing us to ask how islands affect viral communities. Barriers that restrict the dispersal of wild pollinators and their pathogens to islands may be overcome by human-mediated transport in managed honey bees. Here we used islands with and without varroa and matched mainland populations of honey bees (A. mellifera) and bumble bees (Bombus terrestris) from 2015 and 2021 to explore how varroa presence and island location affect the virome of managed and wild bees. We find lower viral..., , # Bumble bees and honey bees on islands harbour reduced viral species richness, yet honey bee populations are dominated by a deformed wing virus recombinant

Dataset DOI: [10.5061/dryad.jsxksn0ns](10.5061/dryad.jsxksn0ns)

## Description of the data and file structure

This dataset contains the raw and processed data, BLASTx results, R scripts, and supporting files used in the analyses described in \"Bumble bees and honey bees on islands harbour reduced viral species richness, yet honey bee populations are dominated by a deformed wing virus recombinant\" by Jana Dobelmann and Lena Wilfert. All files are provided to facilitate reproducibility.
### Files and variables

#### File: 02\_diversity\_heatmap.R

**Description:** This R script is used to analyse the virome diversity and create plots for viral richness, simpson's diversity and a heatmap. It requires \"read_coverage.csv.csv\" as input.

#### File: 01\_CoverM\_analysis.R

**Description:** This R script is used to apply detection thresho...,