珠穆朗玛峰北坡冰川冰结构（1966-1968）

珠穆朗玛峰北坡冰川的冰结构数据来源于《现代冰川与地貌》（1975）科学考察报告，主要由经变质作用形成的原生沉积变质冰构成，具体包括渗浸冰和渗浸冻结冰。渗浸冰是在融水渗入雪层后冻结而成，呈乳白色，晶体小且含气泡；渗浸冻结冰则是在融水较多时局部融化后重新冻结，呈半透明状，晶体较大且内部气泡排列特殊。这些冰的形成过程反映了珠峰北坡的特殊气候与环境条件，同时脉冰的广泛分布对冰川水源补给至关重要。该数据集以JPG和Excel格式存储，包含珠峰北坡冰川冰结构分析的基本资料，以及多个地点和海拔的冰结构图，数据为第一次青藏科学考察数字化整理成果，为深入理解冰川特征提供了重要依据。数据文件命名应包括地点、海拔、冰结构类型及版本标识，用户可利用Excel进行数据分析，并使用图像查看软件浏览JPG格式的冰结构图像。

Ice structure data of glaciers on the northern slope of Mount Qomolangma is sourced from the 1975 scientific expedition report *Modern Glaciers and Landforms*. The ice is primarily composed of primary sedimentary metamorphic ice formed through metamorphism, specifically including infiltration ice and infiltration-freezing ice. Infiltration ice forms when meltwater seeps into snow layers and subsequently freezes, appearing milky white with small crystals and trapped air bubbles. Infiltration-freezing ice forms when partial melting occurs due to abundant meltwater followed by refreezing, presenting a translucent appearance with larger crystals and uniquely arranged internal air bubbles. The formation processes of these ice types reflect the unique climatic and environmental conditions on the northern slope of Mount Qomolangma, and the widespread distribution of vein ice is critically important for glacial water supply. This dataset is stored in JPG and Excel formats, containing basic data for glacial ice structure analysis on the northern slope of Mount Qomolangma, as well as ice structure diagrams from multiple locations and elevations. The data is the digitalized compilation result of the First Qinghai-Tibet Scientific Expedition, providing critical evidence for in-depth understanding of glacial characteristics. Data filenames should include location, elevation, ice structure type and version identifier. Users can utilize Excel for data analysis and image viewing software to browse the JPG-format ice structure images.