Mutation and recombination rates in Apis mellifera

this study analyzed the genomes of drones and queens. the queens ranged from 1 year to 4 years and the drones are the haploid offspring of the queen. we processed each sample through the population genomics pipeline, counted unique mutations identified in each drone, calculated the recombination rates of genes containing unique mutations, calculated the GC content, TiTv ratios, snpeff for pseudogenes, and overlapped genes with transcriptional data